Spinning Wheels
History of Spinning Wheels
A spinning wheel is a tool for spinning fiber into yarn. Since long ago in human history, we discovered that adding twist to fiber will make that fiber stronger for uses in clothing, ship sales, ropes, etc. The earliest methods of spinning yarn were all done using hand spindles. At some point the spinning wheel, a more mechanized and efficient method than the spindle, was invented. There is some debate as to whether this happened in China, India, or the Middle East. The spinning wheel reached Europe in the Middle Ages and replaced the previously standard way of spinning via a spindle and distaff.
The oldest spinning wheels utilized a distaff which freshly spun yarn could be wound onto from a large hand-driven wheel. Then the Saxony wheel was introduced in Europe in the 16th century. This added a bobbin that the yarn could be continuously wound onto, the winding motion of the wheel could also be powered via a foot treadle, which freed up the spinner's hands to draft the fibers.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, spinning wheels were the most common and efficient way to create yarn. Now commercial yarns are spun in mills by large mechanized cousins of the spinning wheel. Today hand spinners honor the tradition and beauty of handspun yarns by creating beautiful works of art on their own spinning wheels.Today, spinning wheels remain integral to fiber arts, linking past techniques with contemporary creativity, emphasizing their enduring significance. Much like knitting, the process is not as efficient as going out and buying yarn, but joy and an appreciation for this ancient craft are well worth the time spent.
Spinning Wheel Basics
Different Types of Spinning Wheels
Spinning wheels come in all shapes, designs and sizes. However, there are some commonly accepted categories or types of wheels.
Saxony Spinning Wheels – This is the spinning wheel of fairy tales. The wheel is on one end, the flyer on the opposite end with typically three legs. The Ashford Traditional and Elizabeth 2; Kromski Symphony, Polonaise, and Prelude; Lendrum Saxony and Schacht-Reeves wheels fall into this category.
Castle Spinning Wheels – Also known as “Upright” spinning wheels. Typically, the flyer is positioned directly above the wheel. These wheels take us less floor space than a Saxony and are a bit more portable as well. The Ashford Traveller; Kromski Minstrel and Mazurka; and the Majacraft wheels are good examples of Castle Spinning Wheels.
Modern Spinning Wheels – This group comprises wheels that combine traditional spinning wheel elements in new and unique designs. Wheels in this category include the Louet wheels; Kromski Sonata; Schacht Sidekick, Ladybug and Flatiron; and the Ashford Joy.
Charkha Spinning Wheels – This is the traditional spinning wheel of India and is closely associated with Gandhi. It is both a functional tool and a symbol of the independence movement in India. One of the oldest known spinning wheel designs, the charkha is powered by hand and the yarn is actually spun off the tip of a pointed spindle. Charkha wheels vary in size from small book to full size floor models. Charkha wheels are ideal for spinning short staple and fine fibers such as cotton, cashmere, angora and silk.
Electric Spinning Wheels – These wheels use electricity, rather than pedal power to spin yarn. In fact, they are comprised of a motor and a flyer with no actual “spinning wheel.” Ideal for travel, or those with limited space or mobility. Examples of these type of spinning wheels include the Ashford Electric Spinner and the Electric Eel.
What are the most popular spinning wheels?
The Woolery offers spinning wheels from a select group of manufacturers known for their innovative designs, commitment to quality and contributions to the craft of hand spinning.
Ashford Kiwi 3 – An excellent beginner wheel with a central flyer convenient to both right and left handed spinners. Produced in New Zealand by Ashford.
Ashford e-Spinner – One of the smallest, lightest and most versatile electronic spinners on the market. Produced in New Zealand by Ashford.
Schacht Matchless – This castle style wheel offers double drive, Scotch tension and bobbin lead modes of operation. Produced in the US by Schacht.
Kromski Symphony – This Saxony style wheel can be configured for either single or double drive operation. Available in four wood finish options. Produced in Poland by Kromski.
Kromski Sonata – The popular portable castle style wheel combines the classic Kromski design with functional elements required of a folding wheel. Available in four wood finish options. Produced in Poland by Kromski.
How can I choose the best spinning wheel for a beginner?
Choosing the best spinning wheel for beginners involves considering several factors that align with your crafting preferences and goals.
- Type of Wheel: Consider style and size would be best for you. If you need something smaller, a Castle style wheel would be preferable over a Saxony.
- Weight and Portability: If you plan to take your spinning on the go, consider options such as the Ashford e-Spinner or Kromski Sonata, both of which are designed with the intention of being travel friendly.
- Scotch vs Irish Tension: In Scotch tension (or flyer-led) the drive band wraps around the whorl attached to the flyer. The brake typically consists of a peg, spring, & string which is turned to loosen or tighten the tension on the bobbin. The majority of wheels are flyer-led and tend to be easier to learn on because of their ability to control the tension easier. Irish tension (or bobbin-led) involves the brake consisting of a strap across the flyer’s orifice instead of a spring/string setup. Irish tension wheels are known for having a strong pull which can frustrate new spinners.
- Single vs. Double Drive: A single drive system is the most common and simple system, but tends to need more adjustments as you spin. A double-drive system can create more draw in, but generally requires a bit less adjustment as you spin.
What maintenance does a spinning wheel require to keep it running smoothly?
To keep a spinning wheel running smoothly, regular maintenance is necessary. This includes oiling moving parts such as the wheel axle, treadle hinges, and flyer bearings, checking drive bands and brake bands for wear, tightening screws and joints, and cleaning away dust or fiber buildup. Proper maintenance ensures your spinning wheel continues to function efficiently.
Where can I buy a quality spinning wheel for fiber arts?
Here at The Woolery, we offer a wide range of types of spinning wheels from various manufacturers. We also provide helpful descriptions and guidance on selecting the right spinning wheel based on your individual needs and desired handspun yarn. Our friendly and knowledgeable Customer Service Team is standing by to help you answer any other questions that you may have about selecting a wheel.
